5 Functions of Quotation Marks

5 Functions of Quotation Marks 5 Functions of Quotation Marks 5 Functions of Quotation Marks By Mark Nichol This post discusses the use of quotation marks to distinguish dialogue, parts of compositions, phrases as phrases, scare quotes, and epithets. 1. For Dialogue Quotation marks are placed around speech in fiction (to distinguish it from attribution and narrative) and nonfiction (for the same reasons, in addition to emphasizing that it is recorded verbatim and not a paraphrase of the actual wording). Quotation marks are also appropriate for conjectural speech (for example, â€Å"What if he says, ‘We’re using John’s plan instead’?) or for representing the idea of speech (â€Å"People often say ‘myself’ when they should say ‘me’). Note: In examples in this and other posts, quoted material is often enclosed in single rather than double quotation marks because I use double quotation marks to frame the examples. In American English, other than in special cases such as setting off terms in botany, linguistics, and philosophy, this is the only general purpose for single quotation marks. 2. For Parts of Compositions Note: The following rules pertain to when titles of parts of compositions are referenced in a written narrative, not to their use as headings in the source material itself. Quotation marks identify article titles in publications and chapter titles in books to distinguish the parts of the whole from the whole itself. (Italicize the publication titles themselves; one exception is unpublished manuscripts, the titles of which are also enclosed in quotation marks.) Similarly, episodes of television programs, as well as those of other audiovisual (or audio-only) presentations such as podcasts, should be enclosed in quotation marks, while program titles are italicized. Song titles, too, are placed in quotation marks to distinguish them from album titles. Quotation marks also identify poems, essays, and short stories to distinguish their titles from those of the anthologies of which they may be (or might originally have been) a part. In online contexts, titles of blog entries, and those of sections of websites, are enclosed in quotation marks. Titles of speeches, as well as those of talks and panels that are part of conferences and other formal meeting events, are also so emphasized. 3. For a Phrase as a Phrase Although self-referential words are italicized (as in â€Å"Moon and month are related†), phrases as phrases are enclosed in quotation marks (as in â€Å"‘Reared its ugly head’ is a clichà ©.) 4. For Scare Quotes Words and phrases are sometimes enclosed in quotation marks to signal that they are being used in a special sense, though this usage is best reserved for ironic emphasis or to clarify that the writer is using but not endorsing the term. Employing such emphasis for slang is not advised. 5. For Epithets When nicknames are used in isolation, do not enclose them in quotation marks (â€Å"The film was released four months after the death of the King of Pop†). But do so when they appear within or after the person’s actual name: â€Å"John ‘Duke’ Wayne,† â€Å"Erwin Rommel, ‘the Desert Fox.’† (But compare the latter with â€Å"Alexander the Great lived to be only thirty-three,† in which â€Å"Alexander the Great† is so styled because the epithet is integrated with the name, not set off by punctuation.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†Between vs. In BetweenWood vs. Wooden

15 Page Term Paper

15 Page Term Paper 15 Page Term Paper 15 Page Term Paper Fifteen (15) page term paper is not easy to write. You should pay special attention to the structure of your term paper. There should be an introduction, body (with headings and subheadings), and summarizing conclusion. offers help with 15 page term papers on any topic! Custom term paper writing service is your chance to improve your grades without any efforts! If you do not want to spend money on professional service, you are welcome to take advantage of our free paper writing guide and samples. Term Paper Sample on Abortions One doctor who has helped many women with legal as well as illegal abortions said, 'I don't like to have to play God'. Many doctors feel the decision should be a moral one between husband and wife and not something they should be forced to judge. And there are doctors who find the idea of abortion distasteful because they feel that their ethical duty is only to save lives. Others say the main consideration should be the mental and physical health of the woman. Doctors are concerned about many facets of the problem. They realize that if they do not try to help pregnant women who are in a state of despair, it is quite possible these disturbed women may harm themselves through suicide, self-induced abortion, or resorting to the risk of illegal abortion. They worry about the profoundly disturbing effect on a mother and her family if she is forced to bear a deformed child. They are concerned that unwanted children may be the victims of feeling unwanted and suffer psychological handicaps, or may even be the subject of child abuse. The number of battered children brought to hospitals every year with fractured skulls, broken arms and legs, marks all over their bodies, bodies sometimes frail from starvation, is evidently increasing. But if a doctor helps a woman procure an abortion, he may worry about her changing her mind when it's too late, suffering from guilt feelings and regret. Nevertheless, doctors who receive visits from hundreds of women e very year asking for help (in some cases the doctors were responsible for prescribing the method of contraception that failed to work), must somehow decide for themselves whether to try to help the woman or not, whether the unborn child is more important than the health and well-being of the mother, and finally, who should really be the one to make the decision. Sitting in their offices and on hospital abortion review boards, they are the ones who often make the crucial decision, after the woman alone or the woman and her husband have made theirs. How do the doctors who monitor the mental health of the nation feel about the subject of abortion? In December 1965 the Association for the Study of Abortion sent questionnaires to 12,974 members of the American Psychiatric Association. Of this number, 5,289 responded. The psychiatrists were asked their opinion on whether they thought a pregnancy should be interrupted. A total of 97 percent agreed that an abortion should be performed when the life of the mother is in danger. Term Paper Writing Service If you are writing a 15 page term paper and need help with writing, research, or formatting, feel free to use our term paper writing services. We are always online and we do not decline difficult assignments. Our writers are responsible and all term papers we write are original!